![]() ![]() albicans strains lacking this toxin do not activate or damage epithelial cells and are avirulent in animal models of mucosal infection. Membrane permeabilization is enhanced by a positive charge at the carboxy terminus of the peptide, which triggers an inward current concomitant with calcium influx. This secreted toxin directly damages epithelial membranes, triggers a danger response signalling pathway and activates epithelial immunity. ![]() Here we identify the first, to our knowledge, fungal cytolytic peptide toxin in the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. Such toxins have not been identified previously in human pathogenic fungi. Abstract : Cytolytic proteins and peptide toxins are classical virulence factors of several bacterial pathogens which disrupt epithelial barrier function, damage cells and activate or modulate host immune responses.
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